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Class 1: Moving our body

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🦴💪 Welcome to Joint Forces!

Get ready to bend, twist, and flex your way into today’s

exciting science lesson! Have you ever wondered how

your arms move when you throw a ball, wave hello, or

lift your backpack? Today, we’re diving into the amazing

world of joints and muscles! You'll explore two special

types of joints — hinge joints (like your elbow) and

ball-and-socket joints (like your shoulder) — and discover how your muscles team up in pairs to pull your bones into action. By the end of class, you’ll understand how your body is built for motion, and maybe even feel like a mini-biologist yourself. Let’s get moving! 🧠🦴⚙️

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1)  Watch the following video and answer these questions in your notebook as you do it:

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a) What are joints?

b) What do tendons and ligaments connect?

c) Write the 3 main types of joints, explain them with a couple of words and some examples of where can we find them

d) What are cartilages?

e) Why do some bones crack?

f) Mention an injury that can affect joints

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2) Paste the skeleton image in the notebook and label its main bones:

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Use this presentation to see the names of the bones we will learn today.

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We will finish the class with a small kahoot to check the names of the bones:

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Bones and joints cannot move themselves. You use muscles to move
bones at joints. Muscles are made of specialised cells. These cells are able to make themselves shorter. This is called contraction

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Muscles use energy to contract. Like all cells, they get this energy from
nutrients, especially glucose. The energy is released from glucose by
respiration. The more you ask your muscles to contract, the more energy
they use, and therefore the more glucose they use.

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1) Watch the video about the way in which muscles work and define agonist and antagonist muscles, explaining how th biceps and triceps work to bend the arm:

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2) Look at the diagram and use this information to answer these questions:

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a) The biceps is attached to the

scapula at one end.  Which bone is

the other end attached to?
c) Which bones is the triceps

attached to?
d) Tri- means three. Suggest why

the triceps has this name.
e) Tendons are not stretchy.

Suggest why.

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3) Visit the BBC website and find besides the biceps and triceps muscles, what other antagonistic muscles can we find in the body? Where are they located?

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